jueves, 31 de mayo de 2018

USING SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE ENGLISH CLASSROOM

Given that we live in such a technological society, using social media can be an extremely motivating way for students to learn and practise English. In this way, Creating a classroom group can be a great way to encourage students to participate in the lesson and communicate. As is proposed by the British COuncil, language used on sites like Twitter and Facebook can also be used to introduce learners into a colloquial language used daily not only on the internet but also in everyday speech, such as English slang or acronyms. In this way, introducing your students to "GTG" and "BTW" is an amusing way to create a relaxed atmosphere and ecourage inout from students on what they've been noticing in interactons with English-speaking friends and family or even on TV.

Click here if you would like to learn more about this!

https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/using-social-media-classroomhttps://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/using-social-media-classroom



TEACHING ENGLISH WITHOUT TEACHING ENGLISH

Here you can listen to Roberto Guzman, a full professor at the University of Puerto Rico (Aguadilla Campus) who teaches undergraduate English courses. He focuses his teaching on the development of critial thinking as a way of learning English and he shares this methodology on Ted Talks in order to assist not only students but also teachers when it comes to the learning experience.

Hope you enjoy it and find it useful!

HOW TO WRITE EFFECTIVE TEACHING MATERIALS?

Here you have the link to a conference done by Rachael Roberts in which she gives us some clues about how to create excellent and engaging materials for our English lessons. 


I hope it's useful for you!!


USEFUL MATERIALS FOR TEACHERS

In this section, we will post some useful links to articles or materials that we find interesting for the teaching practice. Have a look!

Teaching in general:

How to correct students: 





Teaching using literacy:

TOPIC 4: THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHER IN THE SECONDARY EDUCATION CENTRE

Topic 4: The foreign language teacher in the secondary education centre

The fourth topic we dealt with in class was “The foreign language teacher in the Secondary Education Centre”. Throughout this topic, we dealt with the different roles a teacher can have in his/her school centre, the importance of tutorship and classroom management. 

Firstly, we studied in class the different institutional roles that the teacher can adopt. For instance, the role of the principal, the role of the assistant principal, which can be understood as the “head of studies”; the role of the leading teacher, who is in charge of organising the teachers of his/her department; the secretary, the teachers in the school board and level, stage or project coordinators. We also learnt that all the teachers are members of the teachers’ assembly, an important figure in schools. 

Moreover, apart from these roles, each teacher has some functions in their school centres. We learnt that a teacher can be a tutor, a participant in the events organised by the school, a collaborator with other workmates, a conflict-mediator and a resource provider. Other roles of the teachers are to be an examiner, a prompter or a facilitator of knowledge. Of all these roles, we focused in class on tutorship and its importance for empowering students and educating them for life. These ideas mean that students need to be motivated, to feel a sense of belonging to their class, to have fun while they are learning new concepts and to feel they are capable of achieving the objectives they have. 

Therefore, the role of the tutor is really important, since this teacher has to analyse students’ needs, solve problems, talk to parents or be a guide for his/her students. Tutors usually follow the “Plan de Acción Tutorial”, a document inside the “General Annual Plan” of the school which allows tutors to know the different procedures and criteria they have to follow. 

The second topic we studied in class was classroom management, in which we examined different styles of teaching and classroom management styles according to several authors. Regarding types of teaching and according to Lippit and White, we studied that a teacher can have an authoritarian style, a democratic style or a laissez-faire style, depending on his/her level of control in class. Nevertheless other authors like Pratt provided four different types of teaching: the authority style, the demonstrator style, the facilitator style and the delegator style, depending, again, on the amount of freedom that students have. 

Pratt also provides a categorisation of different teaching perspectives a teacher can adopt. These are the transmission perspective (in which the teacher is the one who transmits the concepts to students); the developmental perspective (in which students are asked to create something by themselves); the apprenticeship perspective (in which the tasks and activities used come from real settings); the nurturing perspective (in which students understand that their effort and their abilities are the most important elements and that they need to be self-sufficient) and the social reform perspective (in which teachers are seen as leaders, they believe that education requires social change and therefore, they try to empower their students to take social action). 

Lastly, we also studied during our lessons that we, as teachers, should act according to our own philosophy of teaching, that is, our notion of education. Each of us has an idea about the different elements in education, how and what we want to teach, our beliefs on what learning is and our role inside the educational system. Therefore, each teacher should find his/her own philosophy of teaching and develop it across his/her teaching years.

TOPIC 3: ADAPTIVE EDUCATION

Topic 3: Adaptive Education

During our theoretical lessons in class, we also dealt with “Adaptive Education”, which was the title for our topic 3. The main idea this type of education promotes is to provide all our students with an equal education, without taking into account their learning, background or personal differences. 

Therefore, we studied in class that adaptive education deals with three different groups of students: all students, who can receive general measures regarding their education; students with specific needs that need learning support, who have normally joined their school centres late or who do not know the language spoken there and, therefore, they need compensatory programs or they receive the help of the student counselling or the psycho-pedagogic team; and finally, students with special needs, who have learning difficulties or other type of problems. 

We also learnt in class that gifted students are also part of these students with learning difficulties. We had the opportunity to attend a talk about gifted students, how they organised their everyday life and how their life was at school. We also realised about the importance of detecting gifted students to help them, provide them with a suitable type of education and motivate them. 

Afterwards, we dealt in class with different compensatory programs that can be used in schools and the different characteristics they had. The first ones we studied are used with students with specific needs that need learning support. Some compensatory programs we saw were PAES, PASE, PMAR, PDC, PR4, PAC and PCPI. We also take a look at the different measures that are used with students with special needs, such as curriculum access adaptations, curriculum adaptations for the gifted, “Aula CIL” or ACI and ACIS adaptations. We also carried out an individual project, in which we had to create a lesson plan for a student with special needs.


TOPIC 2: PLURILINGUAL EDUCATION


Topic 2: Plurilingual Education

Plurilingualism refers to the coexistence of different languages either in the society or in the individual.
There are almost seven thousand living languages in the world and, among them, English has been considered a global language.
Plurilingual and pluricultural competence alludes to the ability of mediating between languages and cultures, and it is also the knowledge of and ability to use different languages by an individual or group of individuals for the purposes of communication, especially, in intercultural interaction.
Plurilingual and pluricultural competence is not the same as communicative competence, as it considers affective and identity aspects of the learner, since it includes his/her intercultural experiences, hence his/her knowledge of other cultures. Therefore, the learner is seen as an intercultural speaker, whereas communicative competence did not involve the identity of the learner.

We can implement students cultural and plurilingual competence through projects like the TILA project (telecollaboration), Erasmus, taking advantage of those students who are not Spanish, who come from other part of the world and speak a different L1 (like showing the rest of the class things about their culture), playing videos or films that can show them other cultures, through CLIL, and so on.

TOPIC 1: LANGUAGE SCIENCES AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE


Topic 1: Language Sciences and Communicative Competence

First, we had the study of language as a system and then, there were people who were interested in the study of language as art. But there were other perspectives, apart from language as a system and language as art. We are talking about language as communication: people should study the way people communicate with one another in different contexts (formal and informal).
Competence in linguistic communication consists on the ability to communicate with a communicative intention in goal. You always talk with a purpose (to do something with words, to perform a request so that someone does something for you). The idea is that language as behaviour is what teachers should pursue in their student. English should be perceived as communication so as to develop the oral and written skills with a purpose (language is used for something, to communicate).
What happens between education and language sciences?
-both of them are concerned with language and communication
-education has always looked for solutions to problems in the language sciences. In many cases, they couldn’t find the answers because linguistics is not the only science needed for teachers.
-Official documents talk about competence in linguistic communication, but this is different from the concept of communicative competence, since they have different origin and competence in linguistic communication is devoid of the connotations communicative competence has.
Bloomfield was a linguist at the end of the 19th century-beginning 20th century. He believed in behaviourism as a theory. This implies that a learner learns a language through mechanical repetitions (drills).
John Rupert Firth was a British linguist, pupil of Bloomfield. He broke with the idea of language as a mere system and saw meaning as what linguistics should focus on.
Moreover, he developed a study in phonetics which talks about the importance of communication, specifically in oral skills. He is related to Bloomfield but goes a step further because he starts theorising about phonemes having meaning by per se.
Chomsky thought we are born with an innate capacity to learn languages (Universal Grammar). Thus, according to him, language teaching is something individual and it doesn’t rely on the teacher. The crucial part to learn a language is the student innate abilities, and he didn't care about learning teaching, but he cared about language learning.
Then, the functional paradigm emerged. This paradigm views language as being more than grammar. Language is communication. So, here, you take into account the context, the interlocutor, the formal or informal nature of context…. and that’s what we should take into account when we teach English to our students. It emphasizes language as use, as communication. It also emphasizes the different functions of language (like a request, expressing emotions, giving an opinion (agree or disagree), the aesthetic function of language (making poems…), greetings, arguing…). All these are functions of language, and that’s what we should teach.
The functional or communicative paradigm includes different disciplines that can be divided into 3 different blocks:
A- Language philosophy or philosophical pragmatics (linguistics). They view language as behaviour. Here we have Searle and Austin, the creators of the Speech Act Theory. They are the first ones who said that language is not a system, is action, we do things with language. However, they did not take context into account.
B- Linguistic anthropology (anthropology) and sociolinguistics (sociology). They also view language as behaviour. On the one hand, regarding linguistic anthropology, we have scholars such as Hymes. The premise of Hymes was that language and culture cannot be separated, and the context of the situation is crucial to understand communication. On the other hand, inside sociolinguistics we can find Labov. He introduced key concepts such as language variety, linguistic community, standard language, dialects, register and diglossia.
C- Cognitive science: psycholinguistics (psychology). They view language as knowledge. Inside this group we can find Constructivism and Piaget (learners construct their knowledge based on their previous knowledge and on their interaction with the world), and also the Socio-cultural theory and Vygtosky (we learn language through interaction with other people).

domingo, 6 de mayo de 2018

MAR'S LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LANGUAGE BIOGRAPHY

MY LANGUAGE LEARNING AIMS

My main linguistic aims when learning English are of varied nature. Since my future prospect is to become an English teacher, I would like to be fluent in it and have a native-like command of it in order to guarantee my students a good quality in the input they are receiving. However, apart from that, one of my main aims when learning languages is broaden my knowledge of other cultures, to develop the ability to understand new systems of languages and to be able to communicate with people from other parts of the world.

MY LANGUAGE LEARNING HISTORY

Since I was born, I have been in contact with two languages, Spanish and Catalan, which are my mother tongues.
Regarding my experience with foreign languages, I started learning English at school, from 1st Primaria to 2nd of Bachillerato. In addition, from the very beginning of secondary education I took up French and got the A2 certificate of both languages in 4th of ESO in my former high school. Due to my good results and my interest in foreign languages, I continued to study both of them, French at the Escuela Oficial de Idiomas and English turned out to be the subject knowledge of my degree. I also tried to study Chinese as a minor to my degree, but the truth is that I quitted because I did not enjoy it at all.
In French, I got a B1 certificate and I have one year left to get a B2, whereas I have a higher level of English, a C2.
It would be also worth mentioning that despite the fact that Catalan is my mother tongue, I studied for obtaining the C2 level and the “Capacitació”, certificates required to work in public institutions in our region.

MY MOST SIGNIFICANT LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EXPERIENCES

Throughout my life, I have had several linguistic and intercultural experiences. I would like to highlight two of them: a three-weeks stay in a host family in St. Albans (England) and my Erasmus year. Both of them gave me a real context in which I could use English and allowed me to meet people from different countries. We used English as a means of communicating because none of us knew the mother tongues of the others, so it was a very good opportunity to use it in daily life and for a real purpose.

MY CURRENT LANGUAGE LEARNING PRIORITIES

One of my main learning priorities regarding English has to do with learning the daily life usage of the language, idiomatic expressions and improving my listening and speaking skills in order to fully understand the language. In French, however, I would like to become a B2 + or C1 in order to be able to teach my future students in that language when I travel to England to do the PGCE in Modern Foreign Languages Spanish & French.






DOSSIER 

In this section, you would find all the certificates that prove a certain level in the different languages I have mentioned. 


LANGUAGE PASSPORT




RAQUEL'S LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LANGUAGE BIOGRAPHY


MY LANGUAGE LEARNING AIMS

Since my childhood, I have always considered myself a kind of "language lover". For this reason, my main language learning aim is to continue learning new languages and improving the ones that I already know. In the case of English, since it is the language I will use for my future working experience, my aims are to reach a good level and to be able to transmit the love for the English language and culture to my future students.



MY LANGUAGE LEARNING HISTORY

During my life and my school years, I have studied different languages. My mother tongue is Catalan and, consequently, my learning of Catalan and Spanish has taken place simultaneously when I was a child. I also studied these languages at school and high-school, and I have reached now a C2 level certificate in Catalan. When I was 3 or 4 years old, I started to learn English at school and I continued studying it in primary and secondary education. During these years, I also attended English lessons in a language school in my town. When I finished high school, I decided to enrol in the Degree in English Studies, where I had the opportunity to improve my English. Thanks to this, I was able to obtain a C1 level certificate. Regarding other languages, I decided to study a minor in German during my degree in English Studies. Although I do not have an official certificate, I was able to discover a new language that offered me an opportunity to learn something new. Therefore, I would like to continue studying German next year to improve my skills and to try to be as proficient as possible.



MY MOST SIGNIFICANT LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EXPERIENCES

My linguistic and intercultural experiences have been an opportunity for me to practice the language in a real context. Since Catalan and Spanish are languages I have practiced during my entire life, I am going to focus on English and German. To improve my English, I had the opportunity to travel to London, where I could use this language in a real English-speaking country, and I also had several linguistic tandems that allowed me to practice it with native speakers. I also try to watch series or listen to songs in English to practice this language in an ordinary way. When it comes to German, I travelled to Austria, where I could practice a bit of my German with an Austrian friend. However, I would like to travel again so that I could improve this language in a longer period of time.



MY CURRENT LANGUAGE PRIORITIES

Currently, my language learning priorities are based on being more fluent when talking in English, since I believe this is an element that we can constantly improve. Moreover, a second priority I also consider important is to increase my intercultural experiences in a foreign country.




DOSSIER


In this section, you would find all the certificates that prove a certain level in the different languages I have mentioned.



LANGUAGE PASSPORT





JÚLIA'S LANGUAGE LEARNING EXPERIENCES


LANGUAGE BIOGRAPHY

MY LANGUAGE LEARNING AIMS 


Bearing in mind that I want to be an English teacher, I believe that my language learning aims are quite clear. In my opinion, it is essential to be proficient in any language if you are willing to teach it and that is my main aim when it comes to English.
I have to admit that when I started the degree on English Studies my main objective was only being able to communicate effectively in this language but, as time went by, I ended up deciding that I wanted to teach and thus, my language learning aims became broader.

MY LANGUAGE LEARNING HISTORY 

I started learning English when I was 4 more or less. My first contact with it in academic terms was at school. I remember staying there some afternoons because there were extracurricular English lessons held.

When I was in Primary, apart from being in contact with English at school, my parents decided to took me to extracurricular English lessons because they thought it would report me many benefits in the long run. I combined the English lessons in school and high school with extracurricular English lessons. In this respect, I had various extracurricular teachers who were native English speakers until I started attending the “Escuela Oficial de Idiomas” (EOI) in Gandia at the age of 16-17. I quit EOI and the extracurricular English lessons when I started my degree in English Studies. However, I continued preparing for the certificate exams and during those four years I got my B2 and C1 levels in English in the “Escuela Oficial de Idiomas”.

Although English has always been my main linguistic target, I have studied other languages. I am a native Valencian speaker and this language has been present during all my years of schooling. Moreover, I have recently got my C2 certificate by the “Junta Qualificadora de Coneixements de Valencià” and the “Capacitació en valencià”.
When I was in high school, I studied French for two years (3rd and 4th of ESO) and I did on year of Germany at university.

 MY MOST SIGNIFICANT LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EXPERIENCES 

I must admit that intercultural experiences are the ones that have had the greatest impact on my linguistic interests. Actually, my first contact with English was through the music of groups such as The Beatles which I listened to thanks to my father, who used to play their songs for me.

As I have said, I had the opportunity to attend extracurricular English lessons with English native speakers and thanks to that, I got to spend 3 weeks in Belfast in the summer of 2011. I stayed in a school where I had the opportunity to make friends with people from other countries, attend English lessons every day and use my English on a regular basis, something that helped me improve it considerably.

After this experience, I decided that every summer I would enrol in programmes similar to this one in order to improve my command of the language. Therefore, I have been twice to an intensive one-week English course called “Pueblo Inglés”. These courses are held in summer in Spain and they consist on spending a week with native English speakers from different parts of the world in order to carry out English lessons and different activities with the purpose of improving mainly oral skills in English. I have also been to other summer intensive English courses. Concretely, last summer I went to one offered by the Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo (UIMP) where I spend one week attending English lessons carried out by native speakers which were mainly focused on improving oral skills.

Apart from these type of courses, I have had the opportunity to be in contact with the language in a less formal context. Actually, I have a friend from the United States to whom I speak regularly. I have visited her in her hometown (Media, Philadelphia) and she has been twice in Spain, spending some days in my house during summer. This friendship has given me the opportunity not only to improve my English but also to be in contact with another culture and to learn from it.

However, if there is an intercultural experience which has contributed to the improvement of my English that is my Erasmus, which I spent in Cardiff in the year 2015-2016. I had the chance to be in contact with the language in a real context during nine months which were really useful to improve my English considerably. Also, I could learn not only about the Welsh and English culture but also about others such as the French one since I shared flat with French and English people.

MY CURRENT LANGUAGE LEARNING PRIORITIES 

In general terms, I consider that I have a good command of the language when it comes to writing skills. Thus, my priorities are mainly focused on English at an oral level. My main aim is to manage with everyday English in the most natural way possible and that implies being able to use colloquial language and expressions without any difficulty or effort. Also, I would like to broaden my vocabulary and apply it not only to the oral skills but also to the written ones.































DOSSIER 

In this section, you would find all the certificates that prove a certain level in the different languages I have mentioned. 

LANGUAGE PASSPORT